Kunisaki Peninsula and Rokugo Manzan
Map
Rokugo Manzan is the collective name for about 100 Buddhist temples and rock-cave sites scattered across the Kunisaki Peninsula in Oita Prefecture. In a mountain range radiating out from Mt. Futago, a distinctive religious culture flourished that blended Hachiman worship with Tendai mountain asceticism, and it is designated a National Historic Site as 'Rokugo-san.' Precious cultural properties remain, including the National Treasure Fukiji Daido (Heian-period architecture) and the Kumano Magaibutsu cliff carvings.
Sacred Site Info
- Type
- Mountain Buddhism
- Legend
- According to legend, the bodhisattva Ninmon is said to have founded 28 temples on the Kunisaki Peninsula around the 2nd year of the Yoro era (718), and this is said to be the beginning of Rokugo Manzan. It is said that Hachiman worship and Tendai Shugendo blended in a unique way, and a culture of Shinbutsu-shugo (the fusion of Shinto and Buddhism) flourished.
- Element
- Mountain, rock
History & Origins
According to tradition, the bodhisattva Ninmon founded the sites around 718, and at the end of the Heian period around 1,000 temple complexes are said to have existed. From the end of the Nara period into the Heian period, mountain worship developed into temple Buddhism, forming a unique syncretic culture of Shinto and Buddhism that fused Hachiman faith with Tendai mountain asceticism. The Shushi Onie ritual, held on the old lunar New Year, is still performed today and is designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.
Highlights
Fukiji Daido is designated a National Treasure as the oldest wooden building in Kyushu, and the Amida Nyorai statue and wall paintings remain inside. The Kumano Magaibutsu are cliff carvings of Fudo Myoo and Dainichi Nyorai, 8 m and 6.7 m tall, said in legend to have been made by a demon in a single night. At the Shushi Onie fire festival on the old New Year, demons carrying torches run through the temple grounds in a dramatic spectacle.
Visitor Guide
The temples and shrines of the Kunisaki Peninsula are most convenient to reach by car. Local buses run from JR Usa Station or Hiji Station, but service is infrequent, so renting a car is recommended. A pilgrimage route combining Futagoji, Fukiji, and the Kumano Magaibutsu is popular.
Best Season
In spring (March to April) the grounds are beautiful with cherry blossoms and fresh greenery, and the time of the Shushi Onie on the old New Year (January to February) offers a distinctive atmosphere.
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